The Orchids of Wetland Vegetation in the Central Balkans

Wetland ecosystems are important habitats for the growth and survival of numerous terrestrial orchids in Europe. This study reviews current knowledge on wetland vegetation Central Balkans. The orchid flora was analyzed from taxonomic, phytogeographical, ecological conservation aspects. most taxa include two Balkan endemics (Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. bosniaca D. kalopissi macedonica) three subendemics Balkans Carpathians cordigera, maculata transsilvanica Gymnadenia frivaldii), as well a considerable number European, Eurasian boreal representatives. Several occurring wet meadows fens have southern limit their distribution this part Europe, suggesting that wetlands refuges them. In total, 33 were recorded plant communities five classes, 10 orders 17 alliances. Most grow following types: (class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, order Molinietalia caeruleae, alliances Molinion Deschampsion cespitosae Calthion palustris); Scheuchzerio palustris-Caricetea fuscae, Caricetalia alliance Caricion fuscae); tall-herb along mountain streams springs Mulgedio-Aconitetea); marshes herb-land freshwater or brackish water bodies Phragmito-Magnocaricetea). highlights importance serpentine silicate types orchids. addition, detailed chorological studies need to be carried out establish successful plan conservation.